Modal verbs
Modal verbs in Spanish ("verbos modales") are auxiliary verbs that modify the main verb to express necessity, possibility, ability, or permission. This guide will explain how to use common modal verbs in Spanish, provide their conjugations in the present tense, and offer practical examples.
Overview
Modal verbs in Spanish include "poder", "deber", "querer", and "tener que". They are used to express conditions that are not certain and depend on other conditions (like will, should, or must in English).
How to Use Modal Verbs
Poder (can, to be able to)
"Poder" is used to express possibility or ability.
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Conjugation in the Present Tense:
- yo puedo
- tú puedes
- él/ella/Ud. puede
- nosotros/nosotras podemos
- vosotros/vosotras podéis
- ellos/ellas/Uds. pueden
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Structure: Poder + infinitive
Puedo hablar español. (I can speak Spanish.)
Deber (must, should)
"Deber" indicates obligation or strong recommendation.
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Conjugation in the Present Tense:
- yo debo
- tú debes
- él/ella/Ud. debe
- nosotros/nosotras debemos
- vosotros/vosotras debéis
- ellos/ellas/Uds. deben
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Structure: Deber + infinitive
Debes leer este libro. (You should read this book.)
Querer (to want)
"Querer" is used to express a desire or intention.
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Conjugation in the Present Tense:
- yo quiero
- tú quieres
- él/ella/Ud. quiere
- nosotros/nosotras queremos
- vosotros/vosotras queréis
- ellos/ellas/Uds. quieren
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Structure: Querer + infinitive
Quiero salir temprano. (I want to leave early.)
Tener que (have to)
"Tener que" implies necessity.
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Conjugation in the Present Tense:
- yo tengo que
- tú tienes que
- él/ella/Ud. tiene que
- nosotros/nosotras tenemos que
- vosotros/vosotras tenéis que
- ellos/ellas/Uds. tienen que
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Structure: Tener que + infinitive
Tienes que terminar la tarea. (You have to finish the homework.)
Common Modal Verb Usage
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Expressing ability:
Él puede resolver el problema. (He can solve the problem.)
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Indicating obligation:
Debemos ser puntuales. (We must be punctual.)
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Showing necessity:
Tengo que lavar la ropa. (I have to wash the clothes.)