Infinitive
The infinitive is the basic form of a verb that is not conjugated and does not have an explicit subject. In Spanish, the infinitive is used in various grammatical structures and has several important uses. This lesson details what the infinitive is and how it is used in Spanish.
What is the Infinitive?
The infinitive is the unconjugated form of a verb and typically ends in -ar, -er, or -ir. It is the form found in dictionaries and is used to express actions in a general way, without reference to a specific subject.
Examples of Infinitives
- Hablar: Ends in -ar.
- Comer: Ends in -er.
- Vivir: Ends in -ir.
Uses of the Infinitive
The infinitive is used in various grammatical structures and has multiple functions in the Spanish language.
1. As a Noun
The infinitive can function as a noun, referring to the action itself.
Hablar es importante en una relación. (Speaking is important in a relationship.)
2. After Verbs of Perception
It is used after verbs of perception such as ver, oir, and sentir.
Vi a los niños jugar en el parque. (I saw the children playing in the park.)
3. After Modal Verbs
The infinitive is used after modal verbs like poder, deber, and querer.
Quiero comer una pizza. (I want to eat a pizza.)
4. As a Complement to Another Verb
The infinitive can act as a complement to another verb, providing additional information about the main action.
Voy a estudiar para el examen. (I am going to study for the exam.)
5. In Impersonal Expressions
It is used in impersonal expressions to indicate obligation or necessity.
Hay que trabajar más. (One has to work more.)
6. As the Subject of a Sentence
The infinitive can be the subject of a sentence, especially in impersonal constructions.
Fumar es perjudicial para la salud. (Smoking is harmful to health.)
Summary
- Use the Infinitive as a noun, after verbs of perception, modal verbs, as a complement, in impersonal expressions, and as the subject of a sentence.
- The Infinitive is the basic form of the verb and is used to express actions in a general way.
- Consider the context and grammatical structure when using the infinitive to express your ideas in Spanish.
Understanding the use of the infinitive is fundamental for constructing sentences correctly and communicating effectively in Spanish.